Soil forms as rock is broken down by weathering and mixes with other materials on the surface. Air and/or water occupy approximately half the volume of soil… SOIL Soil Taxonomy definition: Collection of natural bodies of the earth’s surface, in places modified or even made by man or earthy materials, containing living matter and supporting or capable of supporting plants out of doors. The composition of the components inside soil varies to create different soil types. Each soil series consists of soils having major horizons that are similar in color, texture, structure, reaction, consistency, mineral and chemical composition, and arrangement in the soil profile. 3. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)—part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture—has compiled soil maps and data for 95 percent of the United States. The sand and silt fractions i influence mainly the physical properties of the soil. Soil quality can affect plant establishment and vigor, community composition, and colonization of invasive species. Critical soil functions include the ability to support plant growth and productivity, nutrient cycling, and water partitioning. Discuss erosion. Soil is constantly being formed wherever bedrock is exposed. Soil profile gallery Soil Profile Gallery. Agronomy 105 Soil & Water: Basic Soil Properties 4 Soil Descriptors •Texture: Relative proportion of sand, silt, and clay in the soil •Structure: Forms the soil takes as particles clump together •Peds: Structural units of soil •Bulk Density: A soil’s weight per volume •Horizon: Layer of soil with somewhat uniform color, texture, and structure Basic Components The four main components of soil are rocks (minerals), water, air and organic material (leaves and decomposed animals, for example). 4. In general, soil contains 40-45% inorganic matter, 5% organic matter, 25% water, and 25% air. 2. Soil is the loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow. Soil profile. 1.2. Look at and draw a soil profile. Composition of Soil Soils have four major components: (a) mineral matter, (b) organic matter, (c) air, and (d) water. Soil that is classified as clay, for example, contains more water than light, sandy soils. Pore spaces are the voids between the soil particles. In order to sustain plant life, the proper mix of air, water, minerals, and organic material is required. Soil composition is a mix of soil ingredients that varies from place to place. Discussing how soil is formed and why it is important to look after it. Soil Composition. Closely observe a soil sample and record what is found. The clay fraction, because of its high surface area, is the most active part of the soil controlling many of the chemical and physical properties of the soil. Soil is the outer, loose layer that covers the surface of Earth. Find answers to questions on the web. 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